Cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab feem ntau ntsib teeb meem hauv kev tswj xyuas cov dej ntws ruaj khov vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov yam ntxwv dej muaj zog. Ntawm cov kev cov nyom no,Cov Tshuaj Oxygen Demand (COD) siab nyob rau hauv effluentyog ib qho ntawm cov kev qhia feem ntau ntawm kev txo qis kev kho mob. Kev nce qib COD tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam kev ua raws li cov qauv kev tso tawm xwb tab sis kuj qhia txog kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho mob lom. Nkag siab txog cov laj thawj hauv qab thiab siv cov tswv yim tsom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo rau kev kho mob.
Kab lus no tshawb txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas ua rau COD ntau dhau hauv cov dej ntws tawm thiab muab cov lus qhia ua tau zoo rau cov tswv lag luam, cov kws ua haujlwm, thiab cov kws tshaj lij ib puag ncig los daws lawv kom zoo.
Abnormal Influent pH
Lub pH ntawm cov dej khib nyiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob lom. Ob leegsiab heev thiab qis pHqib tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau microbial kev ua haujlwm, ua rau txo cov pa phem tshem tawm ua haujlwm. Cov kab mob microorganisms, suav nrog cov kab mob nitrifying thiab denitrifying, xav tau ib puag ncig ruaj khov kom ua haujlwm zoo. Yog tias pH nyob sab nraud qhov kev lees paub, cov txheej txheem lom neeg yuav ua rau qeeb lossis ua tsis tiav, ua rau nce siab COD thiab lwm yam dej paug tawm.
Cov tswv yim los daws qhov txawv txav pH:
Neutralization:Siv pH hloov thaum lub sij hawm pretreatment lossis thawj theem kev kho mob siv cov kua qaub lossis alkaline dosing, nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv.
Kev sib xyaw ua kom zoo:Ua kom tsis tu ncua kev ncig thaum lub sij hawm ua ntej los xyuas kom meej qhov nruab nrab tsis zoo thiab tiv thaiv thaj chaw siab lossis qis pH.
Dilution ntawm Return Flow:Yog tias qhov txawv txav cuam tshuam rau theem kev kho mob lom, ua kom cov dej ntws rov qab los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam sedimentation. Qhov no pab dilute lub influent, txo nws cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm microbial kev ua ub no.
Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua raws cov kav dej khib nyiab yog qhov tseem ceeb txhawm rau txheeb xyuas pH sib txawv thaum ntxov thiab tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam.
Tsawg Dej Kub
Dej kub ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau microbial metabolism.Qhov kub qis txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm microbial, slows lub tawg ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab nce concentrations ntawm ammonia nitrogen, tag nrho nitrogen, thiab COD nyob rau hauv effluent. Kev hloov pauv raws caij nyoog, huab cua txias, lossis tam sim ntawd cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tw no.
Kev ntsuas pom zoo:
Sludge Management:Maj mam txo cov sludge tawm ua ntej qhov kub thiab txias kom nce sludge concentration thiab tswj kom muaj cov microbial txaus.
Txheej txheem kho:Txo cov dej ntws mus rau hauv kev kho mob lom neeg, txo qis reflux piv, thiab ncua sij hawm hydraulic tuav. Cov kev ntsuas no them nyiaj rau qeeb qeeb microbial kinetics ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Los ntawm kev kho cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem tswj xyuas kev kho mob txawm tias lub caij txias.
High Organic Matter Concentration
Influent nroghigh concentrations ntawm organic teeb meemmuaj peev xwm overload lub activated sludge system. Overloading manifests liua npuas ncauj dawb, txo cov sludge nyob, turbid supernatant, thiab qis dua cov pa oxygen hauv thaj chaw aerobic. Kev soj ntsuam hauv chav kuaj feem ntau qhia txog cov neeg protozoa siab thiab txo qis cov teeb meem tshem tawm cov organic.
Cov tswv yim ua haujlwm:
Flow Control:Tam sim ntawd txo lossis tso tseg cov dej ntws los tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntxiv.
Aeration Adjustment:Nce aeration tus nqi los txhim kho microbial kev ua ub no, thaum txo qis rov qab sludge piv kom tso cai rau lub cev rov qab maj mam.
Saib xyuas:Tsis tu ncua saib xyuas online COD nyeem ntawv thiab sludge daws kev ua haujlwm kom pom cov cim ntxov ntawm kev thauj khoom ntau dhau.
Cov kev ntsuas no tso cai rau cov kab mob lom neeg kom rov muaj kev sib npaug thiab rov ua kom cov dej ntws zoo.
Recalcitrant los yog Inhibitory Compounds hauv Influent
Tej yam muaj peev xwm muajrecalcitrant organics los yog inhibitory tshuajuas nyuaj rau microorganisms kom degrade. Tsis tu ncua COD txawm hais tias muaj aeration txaus thiab lub sijhawm khaws cia yuav qhia tau tias lawv muaj. Laboratory-raws li sludge aeration tests tuaj yeem paub meej tias cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab:
Cov txheej txheem kuaj:
Sau ~ 50 L ntawm cov cawv sib xyaw los ntawm lub tank kho lom neeg.
Ntsuas COD hauv supernatant ua ntej aeration.
Aerate tus qauv hauv kev tswj xyuas kom simulate ncua sij hawm tuav.
Saib xyuas COD ntawm ib ntus ntawm 4 teev los ntsuas cov nqi degradation.
Yog tias COD tshem tawm tsawg kawg hauv 24-48 teev thiab toj siab tom qab 72 teev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tshwm sim. Cov cim qhia muaj xws liTsawg BOD / COD piv (<0.20)thiab impaired sludge - dej sib cais ua rau turbid supernatant.
Mitigation Strategies:
Txhim kho cov txheej txheem kho anaerobic txhawm rau txhim kho degradation ntawm recalcitrant compounds.
Siv cov pa roj carbon activated los yog lwm yam adsorbents kom tshem tawm cov organic inhibitory.
Kho cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab rau cov zej zog microbial.
High Suspended Khoom
Ntau dhaususpended solids nyob rau hauv influenttuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau theem kev kho mob lom neeg, txo qis kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab nce COD hauv effluent. Ua rau muaj xws li cov khoom tawg sai sai, kev kho mob tsis zoo, lossis cov sludge txuam nrog uas tsis tau muab tshem tawm tam sim.
Kev ntsuas txo qis:
Txhim kho thawj kev kho mob los ntawm kev ntxiv flocculants los txhim kho kev daws teeb meem.
Xyuas kom lub sij hawm tshem tawm ntawm cov sludge los tiv thaiv kev thauj mus rau hauv kev kho mob lom.
Saib xyuas cov sludge accumulation tsis tu ncua kom muaj kev kho kom zoo.
Xaus
Kev tswj xyuas cov dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj COD hauv cov dej khib nyiab. Los ntawm qhov chaw nyobpH txawv txav, tsis tshua muaj kub, siab organic load, inhibitory compounds, thiab siab suspended solids, cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm zoo, tiv thaiv cov zej zog microbial, thiab xyuas kom ua raws li cov qauv kev cai.
Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua, kev hloov kho raws sij hawm, thiab cov phiaj xwm kev cuam tshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa cov dej ntws zoo thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Kev siv cov tswv yim no tsis yog tsuas yog pab ua kom tau raws li cov qauv kev tso tawm xwb tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho tag nrho cov nroj tsuag kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ua tau zoo.